The CBAM (Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism) is an EU regulatory tool whose relevance to global trade will continue to grow over the coming years. Why? Because it introduces additional charges for CO₂ emissions related to the production of selected goods imported into the European Union. The aim of CBAM is to reduce the relocation of energy-intensive production outside the EU to countries with less stringent climate policies. The mechanism covers goods from sectors with a high carbon footprint – primarily steel, iron, and aluminium, which dominate the import structure under CBAM. In addition, the regulation also includes cement, fertilisers, electricity, and hydrogen. It applies to imports from third countries that are not part of the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS). Exemptions apply to products originating from Iceland, Liechtenstein, Norway, and Switzerland – countries integrated into the EU carbon market.